The Decline Of The Plague - 1947 Words

In 14th century Europe during its medieval period there was a pandemic that killed many people all over Europe and Asia called the Black Death. This disease spread fast with the increasing trade between all the people in Europe through its complex system of trade routes. At this time everybody was unsure on where the plague came from. The plague was affecting both the packed urban areas and the rural areas of Europe as well. Without knowledge of sanitation and medicine this spread rapidly and many people were affected by the plague. The period before the plague was very important to medieval Europe. It was times of prosper for the majority of Europe. There was an increase in trade and agriculture and communication with the inhabitants.†¦show more content†¦Where food was not being produced to due to cold to supply Europe with food (Cole and Symes 355). Modern scholars and historians believed that the plague began in china, and then spread to the Crimean Where the Chinese’s traders exchange goods and silk with European merchants. At the same time European ships where in the dock of caffa when the Mongolian army introduce the plague when they raided the port city. Which were trekking across Europe taking advantage of the weak East Asians and Europeans cities. The bubonic plague called the Black Death began in the borderland region between India, China and Burma in the Himalayan foothills. It began to appear in China about 1330 CE and reached the Crimeas port of Caffa in 1346 CE . then traveling fro m the flea infested rats on the merchant vassals. It spread From the Crimea port of Caffa on the black sea, the plague travelled to Constantinople and Sicily in the year 1347 CE, Egypt and Syria in 1348 CE, and spread to the rest of Europe the following years (Pamuk 293). The bacteria Yersinia pestis is present in infected rats and other rodents and is transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea. However the flea that is infected by the plague regurgitates the bacteria into human’s blood stream. When the human is infected the bacteria is carried by the lymphatic system to the lymph node closest to the bit. Those affected are marked by enlarged lymph glands and

Self Harm Depression And Alcohol Abuse Essay - 1316 Words

Self-harm, or parasuicide, is a deliberate injury inflicted upon oneself. Unfortunately, it is an issue primarily found in the younger population. Since it is difficult to clinically follow-up these cohorts due to their chaotic nature and constant geographic mobility (Sinclair, Hawton Gray, p. 247), the long-term consequences of an episode of self-harm are not well-known. In this paper, I will summarize the findings of researchers Sinclair, Hawton and Gray who found that the patients admitted in the hospital due to self-harm, after six years, have significantly higher mortality, higher morbidity and lower quality of life compared to the general population (p. 250). Moreover, I will elaborate my own one-year therapy plan that will be focused on tackling the main issues that contribute to the comorbidity of self-harm: depression and alcohol abuse. Lastly, I will look at another possible treatment involving community reinforcement. To start, Sinclair et al. conducted a study that follo wed an original cohort composed of a â€Å"representative sample of [150] self-harm patients presenting to one hospital in the UK.† The researchers gathered data on three occasions: first, at the entry to the study, then, after twelve to eighteen months, and finally, six years later. In order to track the participants, Sinclair et al. used the National Health Registers. Then, they contacted all living patients, inviting them to their follow-up study, and used primary and secondary case notes for theShow MoreRelatedAn Article On Self Harm Patients1301 Words   |  6 Pagessome feel that the best way to cope with these difficulties is by self-injury. It is a way that they believe makes them escape or feel better and it may seem wrong, but it’s important to understand what leads them to such extent and how we can solve it. This term paper will be analysing an article that follow a clinical sample of self-harm patients in a duration of 6 years to understand death from sui cide, how many times they self-harm themselves as well as their quality of life. As well as discussingRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Body991 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse has become a growing problem in the U.S. today. Even though alcohol prevents certain illness and extends life, alcohol abuse needs to be controlled before it gets to out of hand because it has many negative effects on a person’s body, it can cause harm to children mentally and physically, and not only affects the person drinking it but the people around them. Alcohol abuse has many negative effects on the body. 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Also leads to dangerous activities like drinking and drivingRead MoreThe Number Of Child Abuse1593 Words   |  7 PagesTable of contents List of tables and figures Figure1.the number of child abuse from 2009 to 2014 in Australia Figure2.the percentage of child abuse in different types Figure3. percentages of who experienced fear and/or anxiety emotional abuse by sex Abstract The issue of child abuse happen all over the world. Why are the case of child abuse increasing in recent years in Australia? This report aims to explain causes, effects and recommendations. 1 Introduction Read MoreHealth And Performance Effects Of Alcohol Use By Intercollegiate / Varsity Athletes1232 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the health and performance effects of alcohol use by intercollegiate / Varsity athletes? Alcohol is the most commonly used recreational drug globally and its consumption, often in large volume, is deeply embedded in many aspects of Western society . 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Although some teenage suicides may be the result of youthful and impulsive actions, certain risk factors, signs, and symptoms can contribute to self-inflicted death in adolescents. For instance, the gender of a teenager plays a role in their overall risk of self-inflicted death. A recent study shows the suicide rates of teenage boys as being fifty-seven out of a million, but the teenage girl suicide rate came in at a much lesser fourteen out of a millionRead MoreAn Exploration Of Cyberbullying Problems And Why You Should Be Concerned?1323 Words   |  6 Pagesdoing it too, or they have been the victim before. Theses beatdowns of abuse can take a toll on the victim. The victim could start a eating disorder, self-harming, push away people, and worst case scenario is suicide. Even the bully will have bad effects from their actions such as guilt, regret, and trauma. The effects of cyberbullying are horrific and it should be stopped. One of these effects are low self-esteem. Low self-esteem is when you think poorly of yourself. According to End To Cyberbullying’sRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act1351 Words   |  6 Pages CHILD ABUSE By Anastasiya Drevinskiy Child Development and Learning in Cultural Context /EdPs 620/ Professor Jerry Gissinger Spring 2016 What is child abuse? From the word â€Å"abuse† we can understand that it is some sort of a maltreatment of a child, causing harm and damage both to his physical and psychological well-being. At the Federal level, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) describes child abuse and neglect as: â€Å"any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parentRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Mental Health976 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation. The use of alcohol abuse is usually associated with one or two other psychological disorders. There are many people who have outside issues as well such as physical abuse, antisocial, and sexual abuse. Their motivation to get out of being homeless is usually poor because of poor motivation, no support system, and depression. Substance abuse can be attributed to about fifty percent of the homeless population. Homeless individuals are three times more likely to have alcohol-use disorder compared

Public Shame is Effective free essay sample

Public shame can teach someone a valuable lesson. In the NFL, the Miami Dolphins had an incident where a player quit do to the fact that he was being harassed by one of his teammates. In defense, the other player stated that it was just locker room talk; however, this bullying also took place over text. The player is now being publicly disgraced for being raciest and harassing one of his teammates. In doing so, it makes him learn his lesson on what he has done and suffer the consequences of his actions since now everyone refers to him as a bully. In reading the two essays â€Å"Condemn the Crime, Not the Person,† by June Tangney and â€Å"Shame Is Worth a Try,† by Dan M. Kahan people will see both sides of public shame. The essay that does not support this claim is the one that was written by June Tangney. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Shame is Effective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In contrast, the essay written by Dan M. Kahan supports this claim by stating how it can be an effective form of punishment. It can be argued that public shaming is an efficient form of punishment for minor crime offenders do to the feeling of public humiliation and loss of self-worth act as a deterrent. Public shaming can be an efficient form of punishment and should be embraced. It is a judicial punishment imposed on a convicted criminal that includes humiliation instead of imprisonment. June Tangney in her essay writes, â€Å"A number of social commentators have urged America to embrace public shaming and stigmatization as cheaper and effective alternatives for curbing a broad range of nonviolent crimes† (Tangney 570). This is true; it is a much less expensive form a punishment, for incarceration costs are escalating. Also, public shaming is a great way to have nonviolent crimes dealt with in an efficient manner. People do not want to be publicly shamed for it ruins their reputation. If someone had to drive with a bumper sticker saying they got a DUI, they will be mortified because everyone who sees them is going to look down upon them. Public shame is meant for minor crimes only as in a DUI or a guy soliciting prostitutes. When people are publicly shamed they are looked down on in society which causes them to be humiliated. Humiliation is one of the key factors in public shaming. It is what makes this form of punishment so effective. Humiliation is the emotion someone feels when their social status has decreased. Shame is private when someone feels as if they have done something wrong. Public shame is when others now know of the crime in which a person has committed which then causes a loss of stature or image. Kahan mentions in his essay about â€Å"A series of studies by Harold Grasmick, a sociologist at the University of Oklahoma, suggests that the prospect of public disgrace exerts greater pressure to comply with the law than does the threat of imprisonment and other formal punishments† (Kahan 576). People do not want to be humiliated for it will break down their self-worth. With using the technique of public shame it would cause humiliation which would make the criminal conform to the law, for they do not want to keep being looked down upon in society. Some may seem their reputation as one of the most important aspects in their life. By having their reputation messed with, it will soon make them have a loss of self-worth. They will feel as if they are not even a person in society. Tangney mentions a good point on how humiliation may cause this feeling, â€Å"Such humiliation is typically accompanied by a sense of shrinking of being small, worthless, and powerless, and by a sense of being exposed† (Tangney 570). By having someone feel not apart in society they certainly would learn their lesson. If the criminal feels as if they are not a part of society and only looked down upon, they will certainly not want to commit the crime again. After all, they lost the respect that they once did have. People depend on their reputation for their everyday lives, for instance, their job. As mentioned before, the Dolphin football player is now looked down upon, for everyone in the media is referring to him as a bully, which may ruin his career and have the Dolphins not want him on the team next season. Of course however, public shaming is not meant for every crime. Public shaming is not appropriate for every crime. Reason being, society does not want a man who murdered someone to just be punished with public disgrace, it is unsafe. Public shame is for minor crimes such as, drunken driving, nonaggravated assaults, embezzlement, small-scale drug distribution, larceny, and more, that would usually just receive some short imprisonment time. Kahan makes a good point about how many of these crimes take up most of prison, â€Å"There’s obviously no alternative to imprisonment for murders, rapists, and other violent criminals. But they make up less than half the American prison population† (Kahan 575). Many of these minor crimes that are imprisoned are just taking up a lot of room, and not as cheap as public shaming. By making this the punishment for all these crimes, it will save money, make space for far worse criminals, and it would have a serious effect on the person who committed this minor crime. They will feel as if they are an outcast in society, by having everyone know what they did will make them not ever want to commit the crime again because they will never want to put themselves in that situation again. Nevertheless, some may see public shaming as an ineffective and unfair punishment to do. Tangney argues that it does not motivate constructive changes in behavior. Also, shaming someone often makes them more likely to repeat their crime. However, if the criminal ever wants to feel a part of society again then they will most likely not commit the crime again. She also mentions that shame brings in the feelings of guilt, and to stop someone from having a bad defective behavior is by helping them feel as if they are helping society by doing community service to relieve the guilt of their past crime. On the contrary, it is as if the criminal can just pay off their crime by doing some community service. That does not stop them from doing it again. By shaming someone it will be imbedded in their brain that it is frowned upon in society. Also, Kahan brings up a good point, â€Å"Those who served prison time are also a lot less likely to regain the respect and trust of their law-abiding neighbors†¦Given all this, it’s hard to see shame as cruel† (Kahan 576). Shame clearly is not as humiliating as imprisonment. Neighbors will soon forget the crimes that were just publicly shamed, but most likely will not forget if you served jail time. Furthermore, to publicly shame a criminal is an efficient way to punish them for their crime. Public shaming promotes humiliation and loss of self-worth, but that is what makes it so effective. It makes the crime offender to never want to be put in this position is society again. It is humiliating, but to be imprisoned is even more. Public shaming should only be meant for minor crimes. Minor crimes make up most of the prison population; it could really save money by using public degrade as the form of punishment instead. It would also allow for more prison space for more serious crimes. Overall, public shame allows someone to realize the crime they committed is looked down upon, and makes them feel like an outcast, in doing so making them not want to commit the crime again. People do not want to feel worthless, and not a part in society. Public shame should be enforced in our society and will really benefit people in the long run. Work Cited

Supply Chain Management Global Market

Question: Discuss about theSupply Chain Managementfor Global Market. Answer: Introduction: Supply chain management focuses on analysing movement of products for ensuring all the requirements of the market fulfilled in an appropriate manner (Christopher, 2016). With the increasing competition in the global market, organizations have focused on formulating logistic management strategies for sustaining its position in the market. In this study, the focus would be one of the prime computer hardware providing organizations namely Supermicro. The study will focus on evaluating entire order management procedure of Supermicrofor fulfilling the requirements of the customers. The study would also analyze the investment management procedure of the organization to reduce issues associated with the waste management procedure. Background of the Organization: Charles Liang founded Supermicro in the year of 1993 with the focus of providing superior types of computer hardware products across the globe. Supermicroalso has enhanced its specialization in providing power supplies, networking and storage system equipments for grabbing the major share of the market. Presently, headquarter of Supermicrois based on San Jose California of USA (supermicro.com, 2017). From the beginning, Supermicrohas always tried to initiate effective strategies for achieving competitive advantage in the market. Presently, Supermicrohas to face immense competition from the organizations like Concurrent computers, Cray Inc, Fitbit Inc and Omnicell Inc in sustaining its position in the global market. For that reason, it has also has tried to include advance technology solutions for providing maximum support to the customers. Moreover, organizations like Apple and HP has able to set the trend in the computer hardware equipments globally. Therefore, Supermicrois to estab lish its presence in the global market, it has focused on developing effective supply management strategies. In fact, Supermicro also have focused on evaluating different departments including production, marketing and financial department for handling all the business activities appropriately. It has also focused on developing specific strategies related to inventory management for minimizing the possibility of waste in the operational process. The Interfaces: According to Islam et al. (2013), using pattern of supply chain network also can influence business activities of other departments as well. Specifically, globalization has made supply chain process of the organizations extremely complex, which also has influenced other departments like production, marketing and finance to change their activity accordingly. The impacts of Supermicros supply chain management on other departments are as follows: Production: As per the article by Stadtler (2015), efficient use of supply chain management can ensure required amount of raw materials reach to all the production facilities consistently. Now, Supermicro produce networking and computer hardware equipments that require specific superior quality of raw materials. Otherwise, the provided quality of the hardware or networking products will not able to satisfy the customers effectively. Furthermore, effective supply chain management would allow organizations to maintain the quality of raw materials, as it would develop strong relationship with distributors. As a result, it would help production unit of Supermicro in maintaining its produced quality continuously. On the other hand, supply chain management can create direct impact on the distribution cost. Therefore, if Supermicro can able to reduce the distribution cost, it would allow manufacturing unit to reduce direct sales and overhead cost in a major way. It has been assessed that Supermicro tri ed to utilize advance technologies for reducing the required lead-time in a major way (Wisner, Tan Leong, 2014). Furthermore, effective utilization of supply chain require well-developed organizational structure, which would also help production unit to maintain strong coordination with other departments. For that reason, it has helped Supermicro to fulfil all the business activities within the given timeframe. Marketing: As highlighted by Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden (2014) supply chain management can also have huge impact on the marketing activities of the organizations. It has been assessed that effective utilization of supply chain management can allow organizations to provide required amount of products at the desired destination effectively. As a result, it helps organizations to increase the convenience level of the customers. On the other hand, one of the prime objectives of marketing department is to increase the sales volume of the provided products and services in a major way. Now, higher convenience will increase the satisfaction level of the customers, which will eventually create positive impact on the overall sales volume. Therefore, if Supermicro can able to initiate proper logistics management strategies, it would definitely help marketing team in fulfilling their aims and objectives. Moreover, supply chain network also play crucial role in returning diffective products from the customer s in a short period of time (Schnsleben, 2016). Therefore, if Supermicro can able to reduce the required time for providing the right product to the right customers, it will help to enhance the sales volume in a major way. Thus, effective utilization of supply chain management is necessary for providing assistance to the marketing department in fulfilling their goals and objectives. Finance and Accounting: As opined by Mangan, Lalwani and Lalwani (2016) logistics and supply chain management also can have major impact on the financial performance of the organizations. It has been assessed that effective utilization of supply chain management will allow Supermicro to provide optimum amount of products to the customers. As a result, it would help Supermicro to reduce the waiting the time of the customers in a major way. Moreover, effective use of supply chain management will allow Supermicro to eliminate all the intermediaries in an effective way. As a result, it would help financial department to keep track of all the activities associated with supply chain procedure in a much easier way. Order Cycle: It has been assessed that organizations like Supermicro will have to deal with huge number of customers for fulfilling all the business objectives effectively. For that reason, it had to systematic order supply process for providing right amount of products to the right place at the right time. Now, order supply process of Supermicro desired as follows: Figure 1: Order cycle (Source: Fernie Sparks, 2014) From the above figure, it can be assessed that supply chain management process of Supermicro can has three components including manufactures, retailers and distributors. It has been assessed that distributors and manufacturers of Supermicro collaborate to fulfil the requirements of each placed orders. However, the logistic chain begins from supply of raw materials for developing proper computer hardware and networking products. Supermicro has focused on developing long-term relationship with all the suppliers in order to maintain the quality of raw materials at the desired order (Tayur, Ganeshan Magazine, 2012). Moreover, it also has focused on providing specific benefits to all the suppliers for ensuring the required amount of raw materials are present at all the time. As highlighted by Dyckhoff, Lackes and Reese (2013) ordering cycle of Supermicro has different steps, which allow organizations to fulfil all the requirements effectively. Firstly, order cycle of Supermicro focuses on tracking the placement of orders from the different geographical areas. It allow Supermicro to assess the amount of product need to be delivered at different locations. Moreover, it also helps Supermicro to assess the present trend of the market regarding specific products and services. Secondly, Supermicro focuses on receiving the orders from customers. This step is essential for confirming the sales of that particular unit. Moreover, confirmation provides customers to become more relax, as they will receive the desired product within the given timeframe. Thirdly, Supermicro focuses on processing the order from inventory department for ensuring right amount product would be provided at the given period of time. For that reason, Supermicro has tried to develop strong li nk up between inventory department and distributors so that it do not have to wait for processing the products. Thus, it actually would help Supermicro to reduce the required lead-time in an appropriate manner. Fourthly, credit department focuses on verifying the processed products in order to ensure right products will be delivered to right destination. Moreover, it also focuses on assessing the amount of products have to be delivered within near future (Coyle et al., 2016). As a result, it allows organization to manufacture required amount of products in an effective manner. Fifthly, Supermicro focuses on shipping the products to specific retail outlets so that customers can purchase without facing any difficulties. As a global organization, Supermicro has tried to utilize different transportation tools for ensuring required amount of products has been delivered to the desired destination. Finally, Supermicro also has focused on collecting back the products from the customers in c ase of any complaints regarding improper functioning. Here, Supermicro try to provide replacement to the customers with 24 hours time limit so that satisfaction level of the customers remain at the optimum level. Inventory Management: As per the article by Waters and Rinsler (2014) effective utilization of inventory management strategies are crucial for maintaining the profit level at the desired rate. For that reason, Supermicro has focused on developing inventory management strategies carefully so that it can fulfil all the business objectives. For instance, it has focused on reducing the amount of obsolete products in order to ensure the cost required for operational process remains at the optimum level. For that reason, it has focused on introducing new advanced technologies warehousing management system in the inventory management procedure. Supermicro also has used all these advanced technologies to maintain continues track of all the products. It has also focused on developing strong relationship with the distributors so that they select right product to take out from the inventory process. For that reason, it has allowed Supermicro to achieve success in maintaining the profit level at the desired rate. Mor eover, it has also focused on utilizing requirements planning for handling all the challenges associated with the inventory management procedure. It has been assessed that Supermicro has made a conscious effort in managing the inventory level effectively. However, there is still scope for improvement for Supermicro, which will allow the organization to achieve competitive advantage in the market. For instance, Supermicro can focus on using systematic procedure for handling all the responsibilities associated with inventory management. Firstly, Supermicro would have to focus on fastening the supplier lead-time, which will help to reduce cost related inventory process. Moreover, it would also help Supermicro to follow quick replenishment model. Secondly, Supermicro needs to focus on eliminating all the obsolete products from the stock. As a result, it would help Supermicro to simplify inventory management procedure in an effective manner. It has been assessed that with time different networking and computer hardware products become defected or obsolete (Sarkis, 2012). Therefore, keeping track of all these defected products will not add value to the inventory management procedure. For that reason, it is necessary to eliminate all the obsolete products immediately. Thirdly, Supermicro will have to focus on optimizing order size and frequency of purchase in order to have an idea about the future demand. Therefore, it would help Supermicro in formulating strategies for handling all the future challenges related to inventory management. Fourthly, Supermicro needs to focus on centralizing the inventory control so that it can handle all the requirements effectively (Beske, 2012). Now, advanced technologies are required for utilizing centralized system in dealing with inventory management perspective. Now, Supermicro has already initiated different software applications for handling inventory activities. Thus, it needs to focus on multi-echelon planning models for handling all the requirements in an efficient way. Conclusion: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that supply chain management plays an important role in providing higher profit level to the organizations. The study has highlighted the fact that Supermicro has focused on covering all possible aspect related to supply chain procedure for delivering right product at the right time. It has also highlighted the fact that effective utilization of supply chain concept can also help organizations to provide support to other business departments. Specifically, supply chain management can help production, marketing and finance department to fulfil their objectives in an effective way. Moreover, it has also highlighted the significance of maintaining proper inventory management procedure for fulfilling all the requirements related supply chain concept. References: Beske, P. (2012). Dynamic capabilities and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(4), 372-387. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Coyle, J. J., Langley, C. J., Novack, R. A., Gibson, B. (2016).Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Dyckhoff, H., Lackes, R., Reese, J. (Eds.). (2013).Supply chain management and reverse logistics. Springer Science Business Media. Fawcett, S. E., Ellram, L. M., Ogden, J. A. (2014).Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Islam, D. M. Z., Meier, J. F., Aditjandra, P. T., Zunder, T. H., Pace, G. (2013). Logistics and supply chain management.Research in Transportation Economics,41(1), 3-16. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., Lalwani, C. L. (2016).Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Ross, D. F. (2013).Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Sarkis, J. (2012). A boundaries and flows perspective of green supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(2), 202-216. Schnsleben, P. (2016).Integral logistics management: operations and supply chain management within and across companies. CRC Press. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. supermicro.com. (2017).Supermicro.com. Retrieved 13 February 2017, from https://www.supermicro.com Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R., Magazine, M. (Eds.). (2012).Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media. Waters, D., Rinsler, S. (2014).Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014).Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.